钢结构网架是指由多根杆件按照一定的网格形式通过节点连结而成的空间结构。构成钢网架的基本单元有三角锥,三棱体,正方体,截头四角锥等,由这些基本单元可组合成平面形状的三边形,四边形,六边形,圆形或其他任何形体。具有空间受力、重量轻、刚度大、抗震性能好等优点;可用作体育馆、 影剧院、展览厅、候车厅、体育场看台雨篷、飞机库、双向大柱钢网架结构距车间等建筑的屋盖。
钢结构网架是一种多次超稳定空间结构,正是由于结构的多次超稳特征和相对其它结构它所特有的造型灵活程度。结构内力计算通常采用矩阵位移法。矩阵介次要根据工程情况而定,简单的工程其矩阵介次也要达上万次。复杂一些的工程其矩阵介次难以数计。即使用计算机采用高斯迭代法,计算一次也要数小时。因为结构内力计算工作量大,施工图设计难度高,在计算机辅助设计程度未完成之前,大大限制了网架结构的推广使用。
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIAZAIJINTIANZHUDUODEDAXINGCHANGGUANZHONGDEYISHIYONG,CONGJIANZHUXUEDEJIAODUJIANG,ZHEISHIJIANZHUJIEGOUHEJIANZHUCAILIAOSHANGDEYICHANGGEMING。CONGJIANZHUWUTIDEYISHUGUANGANSHANGJIANG,WANGJIAJIEGOUDEDUOYANGXINGZAOXINGBIANHUA,WEIRENMINQUNZHONGDESHENGCHAN、SHENGHUOKONGJIAN,ZENGTIANLEYISHUGAN。KONGJIANWANGJIAJIEGOU,JUYOUSHIGONGCAILIAOQING、ANZHUANGBIANLIDENGYOUDIAN。TONGSHI,YOUYUJIANZHUCAILIAOSHIZUHESHOULI,TAHAIYOUKANGZHENXINGNENGHAODETEYIGONGXIAO。
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIASHIXIANDAIJIANZHUKEXUEBAIHUAYUANZHONGDEYIZHIQIHUA。JINSHIDUONIANLAI,TAZAIWOGUODEYIDAMIANJIDEYINGYONGHETUIGUANG,FANGYANWANGQU,ZHEIDAOLIANGLIDECHENGSHIFENGJINGXIAN,ZHENGXIANGZHEGENGJIALIAOKUODEDIYUSHENYAN。
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIADIAOZHUANGSHIGONGQUANFANGWEIJIEXI!
1GANGJIEGOUWANGJIADETEDIAN
WANGJIASHIYOUXUDUOGANJIAZUCHENGDEWANGZHUANGJIEGOU,SHIGAOCICHAOJINGDINGDEKONGJIANJIEGOU。WANGJIAJIEGOUKEFENWEIPINGBANWANGJIAHEQUMIANWANGJIALIANGZHONG。
PINGBANWANGJIACAIYONGJIAODUO,QIYOUDIANSHI:KONGJIANSHOULITIXI,GANJIANZHUYAOCHENGSHOUZHOUXIANGLI,SHOULIHELI,JIEYUECAILIAOZHENGTIXINGNENGHAO,GANGDUDA,KANGZHENXINGNENGHAO。GANJIANLEIXINGJIAOSHAO,SHIYUGONGYEHUASHENGCHAN。
PINGBANWANGJIAKEFENWEIJIAOCHAHENGJIATIXIHEJIAOZHUITIXILIANGLEI。JIAOZHUITIXISHOULIGENGWEIHELI,GANGDUGENGDA。
WANGJIADEGAODUYUDUANKUAZHIBIYIBANWEI1/15ZUOYOU。WANGJIAGANJIANYIBANCAIYONGGANGGUAN,JIEDIANYIBANCAIYONGQIUJIEDIAN。
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIADIAOZHUANGSHIGONGQUANFANGWEIJIEXI!
2GANGJIEGOUWANGJIADIAOZHUANG
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIAGENJUQIJIEGOUXINGSHIHESHIGONGTIAOJIANDEBUTONG,KEXUANYONGGAOKONGPINZHUANGFA,ZHENGTIANZHUANGFAHUOGAOKONGHUAYIFAJINXINGANZHUANG。
2.1GAOKONGPINZHUANGFA
GANGWANGJIAYONGGAOKONGPINZHUANGFAJINXINGANZHUANG,SHIXIANZAISHEJIWEIZHICHUDASHEPINZHUANGZHIJIA,RANHOUYONGQIZHONGJIBAWANGJIAGOUJIANFENJIAN(HUOFENKUAI)SHANGDIAOZHIKONGZHONGDESHEJIWEIZHI,ZAIZHIJIASHANGJINXINGPINZHUANG。CIFAYOUSHIBUXUDAXINGQIZHONGSHEBEI,DANPINZHUANGZHIJIAYONGLIANGDA,GAOKONGZUOYEDUO。YINCI,DUIGAOQIANGDULUOSHUANLIANJIEDE、YONGXINGGANGZHIZUODEGANGWANGJIAHUOLUOSHUANQIUJIEDIANDEGANGGUANWANGJIAJIAOSHIYI,MUQIANRENGYOUYIXIEGANGWANGJIAYONGCIFASHIGONG。
2.2ZHENGTIANZHUANGFA
ZHENGTIANZHUANGFAJIUSHIXIANJIANGWANGJIAZAIDIMIANSHANGPINZHUANGCHENGZHENGTI,RANHOUYONGQIZHONGSHEBEIJIANGQIZHENGTITISHENGDAOSHEJIWEIZHISHANGJIAYIGUDING。ZHEIZHONGSHIGONGFANGFABUXUGAODADEPINZHUANGZHIJIA,GAOKONGZUOYESHAO,YIBAOZHENGHANJIEZHILIANG,DANXUYAODEQIZHONGLIANGDADEQIZHONGSHEBEI,JISHUJIAOFUZA。YINCI,CIFADUIQIUJIEDIANDEGANGWANGJIA(YOUQISHISANXIANGWANGJIADENGGANJIANJIAODUODEWANGJIA)JIAOSHIYI。GENJUSUOYONGSHEBEIDEBUTONG,ZHENGTIANZHUANGFAYOUFENWEIDUOJITAIDIAOFA、BAGANTISHENGFA、QIANJINDINGTISHENGFAJIQIANJINDINGDINGSHENGFADENG。
2.2.1 DUOJITAIDIAOFA
CIFASHIYONGYUGAODUHEZHONGLIANGDOUBUDADEZHONG、XIAOXINGWANGJIAJIEGOU。ANZHUANGQIANXIANZAIDIMIANSHANGDUIWANGJIAJINXINGCUOWEIPINZHUANGZUOYE(JIPINZHUANGWEIZHIYUANZHUANGZHOUXIANCUOKAIYIDINGJULI,YIBIKAIZHUZIDEWEIZHI)。RANHOUYONGDUOTAIQIZHONGJI(DUOWEILVDAISHIQIZHONGJIHUOQICHESHIQIZHONGJI)JIANGPINZHUANGHAODEWANGJIAZHENGTITISHENGDAOZHUDINGYISHANG,ZAIKONGZHONGYIWEIHOULUOXIAJIUWEIGUDING。
WEIFANGZHIWANGJIAZHENGTITISHENGSHIYUZHUZIXIANGPENG,CUOKAIDEJULIQUJUEYUWANGJIATISHENGGUOCHENGZHONGWANGJIAYUZHUZIHUOZHUZINIUTUIZHIJIANDEJINGJU,YIBANBUDEXIAOYU10~l125px,TONGSHIYAOKAOLVWANGJIAPINZHUANGDEFANGBIANHEKONGZHONGYIWEISHIQIZHONGJIGONGZUODEFANGBIAN。XUYAOSHIKEYUSHEJIDANWEIXIESHANG,JIANGWANGJIADEBUFENBIANYUANGANJIANLIUDAIWANGJIATISHENGHOUZAIHANJIE,HUOBIANGENGBUFENYINGXIANGWANGJIATISHENGDEZHUZINIUTUI。
GANGWANGJIAZAIJINSHUJIEGOUCHANGJIAGONGZHIHOU,JIANGDANJIANPINCHENGXIAODANYUANDEPINGMIANHENGJIAHUOLITIHENGJIAYUNDAOGONGDI,GONGDIPINZHUANGJIZAIPINZHUANGWEIZHIJIANGXIAODANYUANHENGJIAPINCHENGZHENGGEWANGJIA。WANGJIAPINZHUANGDEGUANJIAN,SHIKONGZHIHAOWANGJIAKUANGJIAZHOUXIANZHIZUODECHICUN(YAOYUFANGHANJIESHOUSUOLIANG)HEQIGONGYAOQIU。
WANGJIAHANJIEZHUYAOSHIQIUTIYUGANGGUANDEHANJIE。YIBANCAIYONGDENGQIANGDUDUIJIEHAN,WEIANQUANQIJIAN,ZAIDUIHANCHUZENGHAN6~8mmDETIEJIAOHANFENG。GUANBIHOUDUDAYU4mmDEHANJIAN,JIEKOUYIZUOCHENGPOKOU。WEISHIDUIJIEHANFENGJUNYUNHEGANGGUANZHANGDUSHAOKEDIAOZHENG,KEJIAYONGTAOGUAN。PINZHUANGSHIXIANZHUANGSHANG、XIAXIANGAN,HOUZHUANGXIEFUGAN,DAILIANGPINHENGJIAJIANDEGANGGUANQUANBUFANGRUBINGJIAOZHENGHOU,ZAIZHUGENHANJIEGANGGUAN。
2.2.2 BAGANTISHENGFA
QIUJIEDIANDEDAXINGGANGGUANWANGJIADEANZHUANG,WOGUOMUQIANDUOYONGBAGANTISHENGFA。YONGCIFASHIGONGSHI,WANGJIAXIANZAIDIMIANSHANGCUOWEIPINZHUANG,RANHOUYONGDUOGENDUJIAOBAGANJIANGWANGJIAZHENGTITISHENGDAOZHUDINGYISHANG,KONGZHONGYIWEI,LUOWEIANZHUANG。
(1)KONGZHONGYIWEIYUANLI
KONGZHONGYIWEISHICIFADEGUANJIAN。KONGZHONGYIWEISHILIYONGMEIGENBAGANLIANGCEQIZHONGHUALUNZUZHONGDESHUIPINGLIBUDENGERSHIWANGJIASHUIPINGYIDONG。
WANGJIAZAIKONGZHONGYIWEISHI,YAOQIUZHISHAOYOULIANGGENYISHANGDEBAGANDIAOZHUWANGJIA,QIEQITONGYICEDEQIZHONGHUALUNZUBUDONG,YINCI,ZAIWANGJIAKONGZHONGYIWEISHIZHIPINGYIERBUQINGXIE。YOUYUTONGYICEHUALUNZUBUDONG,SUOYIWANGJIACHUPINGYIWAI,HAICHANSHENGKEYIKONGZHIYUANZHOUYUNDONG,ERSHIWANGJIACHANSHENGSHAOXUDEXIAJIANG。WANGJIAKONGZHONGYIWEIDEFANGXIANG,YUBAGANDEBUZHIYOUGUAN。
(2)QIZHONGSHEBEIDEXUANZEYUBUZHI
QIZHONGSHEBEIDEXUANZEYUBUZHISHIWANGJIABOGANTISHENGSHIGONGZHONGDEYIGEZHONGYAOWENTI。NEIRONGBAOKUO:BAGANXUANZEYUDIAODIANBUZHI、LANFENGSHENGYUDIMAOBUZHI、QIZHONGHUALUNZUYUDIAODIANSUOJUDECHUANFA、JUANYANGJIBUZHIDENG。
BAGANDEXUANZEQUJUEYUQISUOCHENGSHOUDEHEZAIHEDIAODIANBUZHI。WANGJIAANZHUANGSHIDEJISUANHEZAIWEI:
Q=(K1 Q1+ Q2+ Q3)·K (kN)
SHIZHONG: Q1——WANGJIAZIZHONG(kN);
K1——HEZAIXISHU1.1(RUWANGJIAZHONGLIANGJINGGUOJINGQUEJISUANKEQUWEI1.0);
Q2——FUJIASHEBEI(BAOKUOHENGTIAO、TONGFENGGUAN、JIAOSHOUJIADENG)DEZIZHONG(kN);
Q3——DIAOJUZIZHONG(kN);
K——YOUTISHENGCHAYIYINQIDESHOULIBUJUNYUNXISHU,RUWANGJIAZHONGLIANGJIBENJUNYUN,GEDIANTISHENGCHAYIKONGZHIZAI250pxYIXIASHI,CIXISHUQUZHI1.30。
WANGJIADIAODIANDEBUZHIBUJINYUDIAOZHUANGFANGANYOUGUAN,HAIYUTISHENGSHIWANGJIADESHOULIXINGNENGYOUGUAN。ZAIWANGJIATISHENGGUOCHENGZHONG,BUDANMOUXIEGANJIANDENEILIKENENGHUICHAOGUOSHEJISHIDEJISUANNEILI,ERQIEDUIMOUXIEGANJIANHAIKENENGYINQINEILIFUHAOGAIBIANERSHIGANJIANSHIWEN。YINCI,YINGJINGGUOWANGJIADIAOZHUANGYANSUANLAIQUEDINGDIAODIANDESHULIANGHEWEIZHI。BUGUO,ZAIQIZHONGNENGLI、DIAOZHUANGYINGLIHEWANGJIAGANGDUMANZUDEQIANTIXIA,YINGJINZUIJIANSHAOBAGANHEDIAODIANDESHULIANG。
LANFENGSHENGDEBUZHI,YINGSHIDUOGENBAGANXIANGHULIANCHENGZHENGTI,YIZENGJIAZHENGTIWENDINGXING。MEIGENBAGANZHISHAOYAOYOU6GENLANFENGSHENG,LANFENGSHENGYAOGENJUFENGHEZAI、DIAOZHONG、BAGANPIANXIE、LANFENGSHENGCHUYINGLIDENGHEZAI,ANZUIBULIQINGKUANGZUHEHOUJISUANXUANZE。DIMAOYIXUJISUANQUEDING。
QIZHONGHUALUNZUDESHOULIJISUANKEANZHAOSHIJISHOULIQINGKUANGJINXING,GENJUJISUANJIEGUOXUANZEHUALUNDEGUIGE。
JUANYANGJIDEGUIGE,YAOGENJUQIZHONGGANGSISHENGDENEILIDAXIAOQUEDING。WEIJIANSHAOZHUOSHENGCHAYI,JINZUICAIYONGXIANGTONGGUIGEDEJUANYANGJI。
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIADIAOZHUANGSHIGONGQUANFANGWEIJIEXI!
(3)ZHOUXIANKONGZHI
WANGJIAPINZHUANGZHIZHUDEWEIZHI,YINGGENJUYIANZHUANGHAODEZHUZIDEZHOUXIANJINGQUELIANGCHU,YIXIAOCHUZHUZIANZHUANGSHIZHOUXIANWUCHADEJILEI。
(4)BAGANCHAICHU
WANGJIADIAOZHUANGHOU,BAGANBEIWEIZAIWANGJIAZHONG,YIYONGDAOCHAIFACHAICHU。CIFAJIZAIWANGJIASHANGXIANJIEDIANCHUGUALIANGFUQIZHONGHUALUNZUDIAOZHUBAGAN,RANHOUYOUZUIXIAYIJIEKAISHIYIJIEYIJIECHAICHUBOGAN。
2.2.3 DIANDONGLUOGANTISHENGFA
DIANDONGLUOGANTISHENGFAYUSHENGBANFAXIANGSI,TASHILIYONGSHENGBANGONGCHENGSHIGONGSHIYONGDEDIANDONGLUOGANTISHENGJI,JIANGZAIDIMIANSHANGPINZHUANGHAODEGANGWANGJIAZHENGTITISHENGZHISHEJIBIAOGAO。CIFADEYOUDIANSHIBUXUDAXINGDIAOZHUANGSHEBEI,SHIGONGJIANBIAN。YONGDIANDONGLUOGANTISHENGJITISHENGGANGWANGJIA,ZHINENGCHUIZHITISHENGBUNENGSHUIPINGYIDONG。WEICI,SHEJISHIYAOKAOLVZAILIANGZHUZHIJIANSHETUOLIANG,WANGJIADEZHIDIANLUOZAITUOLIANGSHANG。
YOUYUWANGJIATISHENGSHIBUJINXINGSHUIPINGYIDONG,SUOYIWANGJIAPINZHUANGBUXUCUOWEI,KEZAIYUANWEIJINXINGPINZHUANG。
2.3GAOKONGHUAYIFA
WANGJIAWUGAIJINNIANLAICAIYONGGAOKONGPINGXINGHUAYIFASHIGONGDEZHUJIANZENGDUO,TAYOUQISHIYONGYUYINGJUYUAN、LITANGDENGGONGCHENG。ZHEIZHONGSHIGONGFANGFA,WANGJIADUOZAIJIANZHUWUQIANTINGDINGBANSHANGSHEPINZHUANGPINGTAIJINXINGPINZHUANG(YIKEZAIGUANZHONGTINGKANTAISHANGDASHEPINZHUANGPINGTAIJINXINGPINZHUANG),DAIDIYIGEPINZHUANGDANYUAN(HUODIYIDUAN)PINZHUANGWANBI,JIJIANGQIXIALUOZHIHUAYIGUIDAOSHANG,YONGQIANYINSHEBEIXIANGQIANHUAYIYIDINGJULI。JIEXIALAIZAIPINZHUANGPINGTAISHANGPINZHUANGDIERGEDANYUAN(HUODIERDUAN),PINHAOHOULIANTONGDIYIGEPINZHUANGDANYUAN(HUODIYIDUAN)YITONGXIANGQIANHUAYI,RUCIZHUDUANPINZHUANGBUDUANWENQIANHUAYI,ZHIZHIZHENGGEWANGJIAPINZHUANGWANBIBINGHUAYIZHIJIUWEIWEIZHI。
PINZHUANGHAOWANGJIADEHUAYI,KEZAIWANGJIAZHIZUOXIASHEGUNLUN,SHIGUNLUNZAIHUADONGGUIDAOSHANGHUADONG;YIKEZAIWANGJIAZHIZUOXIASHEZHIZUODIBAN,SHIZHIZUODIBANYANYUMAIZAIGANGJINHUNNINGTUKUANGJIALIANGSHANGDEYUMAIGANGBANHUADONG。
WANGJIAHUAYIKEYONGJUANYANGJIHUOSHOUBANHULUQIANYIN。GENJUQIANYINLIDAXIAOJIWANGJIAZHIZUOZHIJIANDEGANJIANCHENGZAILI,KECAIYONGYIDIANHUODUODIANQIANYIN。
WANGJIAHUAYISHI,LIANGDUANBUTONGBUZHIBUYINGDAYU50mm。
CAIYONGHUAYIFASHIGONGWANGJIASHI,ZAIHUAYIHEPINZHUANGGUOCHENGZHONG,YINGDUIWANGJIAJINXINGXIALIEYANSUAN:1)DANGKUADUZHONGJIANWUZHIDIANSHI,GANJIANNEILIHEKUAZHONGNAODUZHI;2)DANGKUADUZHONGJIANYOUZHIZUOSHI,GANJIANNEILI、ZHIDIANFANLIHENAODUZHI。
当网架滑移单元由于增设中间滑轨引起杆件内力变号时,应采取临时加固措施以防失稳。
YONGGAOKONGHUAYIFASHIGONGWANGJIAJIEGOU,YOUYUWANGJIAPINZHUANGSHIZAIQIANTINGDINGBANPINGTAISHANGJINXING,JIANSHAOLEGAOKONGZUOYEDEWEIXIAN;YUGAOKONGPINZHUANGFABIJIAO,PINZHUANGPINGTAIXIAO,KEJIEYUECAILIAO,BINGNENGBAOZHENGWANGJIADEPINZHUANGZHILIANG;YOUYUWANGJIAPINZHUANGYONGHUAYISHIGONG,KEYIYUTUJIANSHIGONGPINGXINGLIUSHUIHELITIJIAOCHA,YINERKEYISUODUANZHENGGEGONGCHENGDEGONGQI;GAOKONGHUAYIFASHIGONGSHEBEIJIANDAN,YIBANBUXUDAXINGQIZHONGANZHUANGSHEBEI,SUOYISHIGONGFEIYONGYIKEJIANGDI。
4JIEYU
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIADEXINGTAIBENFANGSHUZHAN,TAJIHANGAILEGUDIANJIANZHUDEYUNLVMEI,YOUYOUXIANDAIZAOXINGYISHUDELANGMANXING。YINCI,YUELAIYUEDUODEJIANZHUSHILIYONGTADEJIANGUXINGHEYISHUXINGLAISHEJIGOUZHUDAXINGWUDINGGUJIA。ZHEIZHONGXINYINGMEIGUANDEWANGJIAJIEGOU,WEIXIANDAIJIANZHUGOUZHULEXINDEWUTIXINGXIANG。
GANGJIEGOUWANGJIASHIMUQIANGUONEIDAXINGTIYUCHANGGUAN、GONGYECHANGFANG、YINGJUYUAN、HOUCHETINGDENGJIANZHUCHANGYONGDEWUGAIXINGSHI。ZHEIZHONGXINYANGSHIJIEGOUDEFANGFASHIYILAIGANGTIZISHENDESHOULI,YONGLUOSHUANQIUBAYIGENGENGANGZHULIANJIEZAIYIQIXIANGHUJIAOCUOZHICHENG,WANGJIECHENGGEZHONGXINGTAIBUYIDEWUGAIKONGJIAN。CONGXIAOZHIJIMIDEHUIYISHIDAODAZHIKUADUJIBAIMIDEGONGYECHANGFANG,ZHEIXIEDOUSHIKONGJIANWANGJIAJIEGOUSUOSHIYIDEFANWEI。
BENWENDUIJIZHONGGANGJIEGOUWANGJIADEDIAOZHUANGXINGSHIJINXINGLEXIANGXIDECHANSHUFENXI,XIWANGNENGWEIGEWEITONGXINGYERENSHITIGONGYIDINGDEBANGZHU。